#pragma once

#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>
#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <atomic>

#ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
#pragma warning(disable : 597) // will not be called for implicit or explicit conversions
#endif

namespace dev {

/**
 * A modifiable reference to an existing object or vector in memory.
 */
template<class _T>
class vector_ref
{
public:
    using value_type = _T;
    using element_type = _T;
    using mutable_value_type =
        typename std::conditional<std::is_const<_T>::value, typename std::remove_const<_T>::type, _T>::type;

    static_assert(std::is_pod<value_type>::value,
                  "vector_ref can only be used with PODs due to its low-level treatment of data.");

    vector_ref()
        : m_data(nullptr)
        , m_count(0)
    {}
    /// Creates a new vector_ref to point to @a _count elements starting at @a _data.
    vector_ref(_T* _data, size_t _count)
        : m_data(_data)
        , m_count(_count)
    {}
    /// Creates a new vector_ref pointing to the data part of a string (given as pointer).
    vector_ref(typename std::conditional<std::is_const<_T>::value, std::string const*, std::string*>::type _data)
        : m_data(reinterpret_cast<_T*>(_data->data()))
        , m_count(_data->size() / sizeof(_T))
    {}
    /// Creates a new vector_ref pointing to the data part of a vector (given as pointer).
    vector_ref(typename std::conditional<std::is_const<_T>::value,
                                         std::vector<typename std::remove_const<_T>::type> const*,
                                         std::vector<_T>*>::type _data)
        : m_data(_data->data())
        , m_count(_data->size())
    {}
    /// Creates a new vector_ref pointing to the data part of a string (given as reference).
    vector_ref(typename std::conditional<std::is_const<_T>::value, std::string const&, std::string&>::type _data)
        : m_data(reinterpret_cast<_T*>(_data.data()))
        , m_count(_data.size() / sizeof(_T))
    {}
    explicit operator bool() const { return m_data && m_count; }

    bool contentsEqual(std::vector<mutable_value_type> const& _c) const
    {
        if (!m_data || m_count == 0)
            return _c.empty();
        else
            return _c.size() == m_count && !memcmp(_c.data(), m_data, m_count * sizeof(_T));
    }
    std::vector<mutable_value_type> toVector() const
    {
        return std::vector<mutable_value_type>(m_data, m_data + m_count);
    }
    std::vector<unsigned char> toBytes() const
    {
        return std::vector<unsigned char>(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char const*>(m_data),
                                          reinterpret_cast<unsigned char const*>(m_data) + m_count * sizeof(_T));
    }
    std::string toString() const
    {
        return std::string((char const*) m_data, ((char const*) m_data) + m_count * sizeof(_T));
    }

    template<class _T2>
    explicit operator vector_ref<_T2>() const
    {
        assert(m_count * sizeof(_T) / sizeof(_T2) * sizeof(_T2) / sizeof(_T) == m_count);
        return vector_ref<_T2>(reinterpret_cast<_T2*>(m_data), m_count * sizeof(_T) / sizeof(_T2));
    }
    operator vector_ref<_T const>() const { return vector_ref<_T const>(m_data, m_count); }

    _T* data() const { return m_data; }
    /// @returns the number of elements referenced (not necessarily number of bytes).
    size_t count() const { return m_count; }
    /// @returns the number of elements referenced (not necessarily number of bytes).
    size_t size() const { return m_count; }
    bool empty() const { return !m_count; }
    /// @returns a new vector_ref pointing at the next chunk of @a size() elements.
    vector_ref<_T> next() const
    {
        if (!m_data)
            return *this;
        else
            return vector_ref<_T>(m_data + m_count, m_count);
    }
    /// @returns a new vector_ref which is a shifted and shortened view of the original data.
    /// If this goes out of bounds in any way, returns an empty vector_ref.
    /// If @a _count is ~size_t(0), extends the view to the end of the data.
    vector_ref<_T> cropped(size_t _begin, size_t _count) const
    {
        if (m_data && _begin <= m_count && _count <= m_count && _begin + _count <= m_count)
            return vector_ref<_T>(m_data + _begin, _count == ~size_t(0) ? m_count - _begin : _count);
        else
            return vector_ref<_T>();
    }
    /// @returns a new vector_ref which is a shifted view of the original data (not going beyond it).
    vector_ref<_T> cropped(size_t _begin) const
    {
        if (m_data && _begin <= m_count)
            return vector_ref<_T>(m_data + _begin, m_count - _begin);
        else
            return vector_ref<_T>();
    }
    void retarget(_T* _d, size_t _s)
    {
        m_data = _d;
        m_count = _s;
    }
    void retarget(std::vector<_T> const& _t)
    {
        m_data = _t.data();
        m_count = _t.size();
    }
    /// Securely overwrite the memory.
    /// @note adapted from OpenSSL's implementation.
    void cleanse()
    {
        static std::atomic<unsigned char> s_cleanseCounter {0u};
        uint8_t* p = (uint8_t*) begin();
        size_t const len = (uint8_t*) end() - p;
        size_t loop = len;
        size_t count = s_cleanseCounter;
        while (loop--) {
            *(p++) = (uint8_t) count;
            count += (17 + ((size_t) p & 0xf));
        }
        p = (uint8_t*) memchr((uint8_t*) begin(), (uint8_t) count, len);
        if (p)
            count += (63 + (size_t) p);
        s_cleanseCounter = (uint8_t) count;
        memset((uint8_t*) begin(), 0, len);
    }

    _T* begin() { return m_data; }
    _T* end() { return m_data + m_count; }
    _T const* begin() const { return m_data; }
    _T const* end() const { return m_data + m_count; }

    _T& operator[](size_t _i)
    {
        assert(m_data);
        assert(_i < m_count);
        return m_data[_i];
    }
    _T const& operator[](size_t _i) const
    {
        assert(m_data);
        assert(_i < m_count);
        return m_data[_i];
    }

    bool operator==(vector_ref<_T> const& _cmp) const { return m_data == _cmp.m_data && m_count == _cmp.m_count; }
    bool operator!=(vector_ref<_T> const& _cmp) const { return !operator==(_cmp); }

    void reset()
    {
        m_data = nullptr;
        m_count = 0;
    }

private:
    _T* m_data;
    size_t m_count;
};

template<class _T>
vector_ref<_T const>
ref(_T const& _t)
{
    return vector_ref<_T const>(&_t, 1);
}
template<class _T>
vector_ref<_T>
ref(_T& _t)
{
    return vector_ref<_T>(&_t, 1);
}
template<class _T>
vector_ref<_T const>
ref(std::vector<_T> const& _t)
{
    return vector_ref<_T const>(&_t);
}
template<class _T>
vector_ref<_T>
ref(std::vector<_T>& _t)
{
    return vector_ref<_T>(&_t);
}

} // namespace dev
